John Keats’ philosophy

John Keats belongs to the second generation of Romantic poets, and in fact, he is the last poet during the Romantic Age in English literature. In other words, he was the last of the five or six great Romantic poets. He suffered a lot in life, and he died a very early and untimely death. However, he could create some memorable poems that have kept him alive since his death. During his lifetime, he did not get that much success, but after his death, his reputation increased a lot.

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If we take a look at the ideas of Keats or the philosophy of Keats, the first thing that will come to our mind is that he could mixture truth and beauty. We often feel a contradiction between these two things. Often we have the idea that beautiful things are fanciful and often deceitful. However, Keats felt that truth was beauty and beauty was truth and he did not feel any difference between them. This is perhaps a new idea in literature or very few poets touched this idea before him.

If we look at the other Romantic poets, we will find that they were more or less some kind of philosophers along with being poets. However, Keats was not a philosopher, teacher or revolutionist. Rather, he felt himself or presented himself as an artist. As an artist, he enjoyed the beauty of life and the beauty of nature and tried to portray the beauty in his poems. This is another departure from Romantic poetry as William Wordsworth introduced a new philosophy in poetry. Samuel Taylor Coleridge also earned a lot of fame as a philosopher. Lord Byron was considered to be one of the influential philosophers of his time in the whole of Europe and Percy Bysshe Shelley was a revolutionary poet.

The conflict between idealism and realism is a very old conflict in literature. Keats was an idealist, not a realist. His own life was full of miseries and still, he chose to be an idealist. He felt that poetry should present the ideal picture because, in idealism, we try to make ourselves better and higher. However, that does not mean that he was fully an escapist. Yes, he wanted to escape from the suffering and misery of life that he suffered. He was not a rich man and he did not get success in earning money by writing poetry though he was a very highly educated person. However, he wanted to escape from the surface level, not from the deep level in life. Keats had a very conscious mind about his inner being. Sometimes, reading his poems may feel to be very easy to the reader, but these poems contain a deep inner message.

One of the things that made Keats different from Wordsworth was that Wordsworth saw nature to be alive and directly related to human life. Keats also wrote a great deal about the beauty of nature, but he saw nature for nature’s sake and did not try to make a strong relationship between the human mind and nature or human life and nature. However, it does not mean that he neglected nature, but he dealt with nature from a rather objective point of view.

Keats was great in personifying natural elements. His poems often personified nature. He also used classical references from ancient Greece and Rome, which makes him completely different from Wordsworth. Keats was not that interested in the moral influence of nature on human beings. He was more interested in presenting the beauty of nature, and as a result, he was completely different from Wordsworth.

Keats was great when it came to presenting sensual imagery. By reading his poems, the reader can perhaps touch and feel the fragrance and smell of a flower, the sound and music of the stream and the beauty and loveliness of the moon. He was very good and skilled in making a connection with a reader by using very good imagery. Thus, he could make nature alive in a different way than Wordsworth could.

The beauty of nature is not the only beauty in Keats’ poetry and philosophy. The beauty of his thoughts and his ideas and imagery were also beautiful. For this reason, Keats’ philosophy revolved around beauty and truth.

The development of Pip in Great Expectations

Philip Pirrip, who is popularly known as Pip, is the central character of the novel Great Expectations written by Charles Dickens. It can be said that all the incidents of this novel took place around him. We can see child Pip, and from there, we can see teenage Pip. Great Expectations is based on events that took place in the life of young Pip. It is considered one of the best and most popular novels by Charles Dickens. Few days after its publication, it received good responses all over England, and many copies were sold. 

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If we look at the development of Pip, we can see two types of development taken place. On the one hand, Pip becomes a teenager from a child, and on the other hand, he becomes matured from immature. He spends many years dreaming, and having suffered a lot of pain and misery, he comes to realize the real significance of life and becomes matured. He can realize that the meaning of life does not mean being a gentleman and does not mean mingle with aristocratic people after being rich. 

Life has its deep meaning and finding out that meaning is the success of life. For this reason, from an incompetent and immature boy, he turns matured and responsible and starts facing life with courage. 

At the beginning of the novel, we can see that Pip is a young orphan boy. At the age of six, he meets a convict who has escaped from jail, and Pip gives him some food, stealing from his home. This experience put an immense impact on Pip’s mind. However, later we come to know that it has even a larger impact on the convicted boy. 

Miss Havisham is a rich woman of that village who did not get married in her whole life. Miss Havisham summoned Pip to her home to play. She had an adopted daughter named Estella. Pip did not know about the identity of Estella and her parents. Miss Havisham encouraged Pip to play with Estella and fall in love with her after being matured. Whether it is the encouragement of Miss Havisham or the beauty of Estella, Pip deeply falls in love with her, and although this affection was so much from Pip’s side, Estella did not like him that much. 

The relationship between Pip and Estella was not that much complicated. Pip liked Estella because she was beautiful and attractive. On the other hand, to Estella, Pip was a village boy, and she did not like him that much. As days go by, he firmly starts believing that Miss Havisham wants Estella to marry him. But Miss Havisham did not have that kind of intention in her mind. On the other hand, Estella moved forward in her way and did not give importance to Pip’s love. 

As a result, Estella also falls into deep trouble. The person she married was rich but did not love her that much. As a result, Estella was not happy in her married life. The only reason she did not marry Pip was that he was not that attractive or important person to her. For this reason, she denied Pip, while Pip had a great expectation about Estella. Because of the conflict between the two, both Pip and Estella become unhappy in their lives. 

Pip’s attitude changes when he becomes a teenager. On the one hand, he sees a dream to become a gentleman. On the other hand, he neglects Joe, who loves him very much. Pip has become more spoilt by associating with rich boys. More importantly, he thinks that becoming a gentleman means wasting money and hanging up with boys of aristocratic background. At his young age, Pip made two mistakes. Firstly, he did not work hard despite getting the opportunity to study. Secondly, he tried to forget his past, which made him even more immature and spoilt. 

Joe loves Pip with all his heart, and as he has no children, Joe has formed a parental affection for Pip. Whenever Pip falls into trouble, Joe comes to his rescue, and when Pip gets into huge debt, Joe takes responsibility for all his debts and repays them. But Pip has done one good thing. After losing everything in his life, he could realize that Joe is a good man, and he promises to Joe that he would repay all the money. He goes to Egypt, taking responsibility for his own life, and works there as a clerk for eleven years with full conviction and gets back to his normal life. 

Pip’s relationship with fellow convict Magwitch at the prison was somewhat different. At a very young age, Pip met Magwitch and he tried to change Pip’s life in a positive way. But Pip misunderstands him, and thus, he gets into deeper problems in life. Magwitch really loved Pip from his heart, and out of sheer kindness, he remembers him and spends a large portion of his asset for Pip. 

The development of Pip is really nice. Actually, this novel makes us realize that life is difficult, and we should not dream too much. There is nothing wrong with having a dream, but going over life with dreams does not bring any good to anyone. Pip has done some mistakes in his life and the biggest of them is to try to become a gentleman. Dreaming about Estella was another big mistake of Pip. On the one hand, if he tried to get educated and marry an educated girl of a middle-class family who may not be rich like Estella but would have loved him, his life could have been filled with happiness. 

But he has made both mistakes. He wastes a lot of money and gets into severe trouble in life. However, the good side of Pip’s character is that he could realize his mistakes at one stage, and even though it was some late, he finally tried to correct those mistakes and come back to the normal course of life. Taking responsibility for making mistakes is the best side of Pip in the novel. The readers perhaps did not like Pip initially, but later on, having seen his effort to overturn what he did in the past, readers must have felt sympathy and formed some respect for Pip. 

How to start a photography business with no money?

With the advent of digital photography, a radical change has come in the photography business. Change happened in the overall system and instruments. People's demand and market trends have also changed. Expert in photography, the ability to capture the subject in camera lens at the right moment and self-confidence are preconditions to start this business. If you have a digital camera and some basic equipment, you can start a photography business with no money. In this article, I have talked about some steps that are necessary to start a photography business without investing any capital. 

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1. Select the type of photography:

The first and perhaps the most important step of starting a photography business without investing any money is to select the field of photography. At first, you will have to decide what type of photo you want to take. Then, you will have to choose any kind of photography- product photography, landscape photography, portrait photography, wedding photography- as the service of your business. The type of photography services you will offer will help you find your potential customers. We can divide the photography business into two broad categories: Assignment Photography and Stock Photography.

Assignment Photography:

In this case, you will have to take pictures as per the requirement of the customers. It can be the pictures of a wedding, an advertisement or an event. For this type of work, you will get a certain amount of money before the start of the work or after the picture is delivered to the buyer. If you stay in touch with various advertising agencies and corporate offices, you will get an assignment regularly. Besides, there is plenty of works available during the wedding season. Most of the photographers prefer this business for regular and good income.

Stock photography:

The photography business aside from regular assignment-based photography is called stock photography. In this case, you will have to take photos of different things or events and sell these to buyers. Stock photos are widely used in many news articles, newspapers and magazines and different websites.

2. Select a name for business organization:

After selecting the type of photography service for your business, you will have to choose an appropriate name for your business organization. By picking up a name, you can create a brand for your photography business. A good name will help you catch the attention of your probable customers until you establish yourself as a professional photographer. You will have to choose a name that will tell your would-be customers about the photography service you offer. While choosing a name for your photography business, you will have to be sure that this name has not been taken by anyone before. If you pick a name that has already been used, you will have to face legal problems. In this case, you can search on search engines, such as Google, Bing, etc., and do a little bit of research about your business name. After selecting a unique name for your photography business, register it.

3. Make a business plan:

Before starting a photography business without spending any money, you will have to make a good business plan. You will have to keep in mind that your business plan will decide the fate of your business. It will give an overview of your business- the current situation of your business, evaluation of your local competitors and setting a plan of either taking a portion of their business or collaborate with them. The business plan will outline your business strategy- actions you will use to reach your market and goal, strategic issues and business values. It will also include market research- products or services your potential customers will want to buy from you, tactics you will take to grow and expand your business, obstacles that will resist you from reaching your goal. How you will manage your business is an important part of your business plan- registering assets, maintaining equipment, accounting system. Determining price structure is an important part of a business plan. 

4. Select the structure of your business:

Then, you will have to select the structure of your business. You can have a sole proprietorship. In the case of more than one or more partners, forming a limited liability company is the best solution. In that case, if the turnover is not more than Tk 40 lakh in a year or if the amount of investment of a partner in a fiscal year does not exceed Tk 25 lakh, there is no need for an annual audit. 

5. Do photography course:

Most of those who are thinking of starting a photography business are already in the practice of photography. As a result, they have the necessary basic equipment, such as a camera, lenses, flashes, batteries, tripod, lights, screens, computer, photo editing software, quality photo paper etc. Apart from these, you should have knowledge and skills in taking a quality picture. You can do online courses in photography. Or, you can learn work from a person who is skilled in this profession. 

6. Take an office for your business:  

It is important to have a physical address of your business organization so that your target customers can trace you out, but a startup can't take an office to operate their business. In this case, they can use one of their rooms or a garage as their office. Remember that many big companies started in the garage.

7. Join photography clubs:

We have a lot of photography clubs in our country. You can join one or more clubs of your choice. In this way, you will get to meet people who share similar interests, and you will get opportunities to learn new things.

8. Create marketing materials:

After completing the above tasks, you will have to let your target customers know that you are doing a photography business and to do this, you will have to create marketing materials- business cards, brochures, websites etc. Apart from these, you can also create an account or page on social media for your business so that your target market can find you out. Before uploading photos on your website and social networking sites- Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, you should take permission from your clients. 

By following the above-stated steps, one can start his or her own photography business with no money. 

Banning porn websites is not effective in preventing people from watching less porn

To prevent people, especially youngsters, from watching fewer pornographic videos, the current government ruled by the Bangladesh Awami League has shut down several thousand pornographic websites. People from all walks of life have praised the government for this timely decision because it was a long time demand. The chief purpose behind banning pornographic websites was to protect the young generation from moral decadence. Still, the question arises if banning pornographic websites is effective enough in restraining people from watching fewer pornographic videos. It is a debated issue, and the whole nation can be divided into two groups based on this issue- one group will talk in favor of this topic while the other will oppose it. However, in this article, I will try to show if the decision was efficient as well as the good and bad sites for banning pornographic websites. 

 

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Since November 2016, upon the directive of the High court, the government organization, Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC), has been blocking adult websites. Under the leadership of Mustafa Jabbar, the current Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, BTRC has blocked more or less 20,000 adult websites so far. Access to many more similar types of websites will be prohibited in our country in the future. But still, the question remains if this initiative is good enough to make the internet space safe and secure for juvenile and grown-up kids. It is a very controversial question, and finding an appropriate answer to this question is not that easy. 

It has been four years since the initiative of banning websites containing X-rated content started, but what the outcome of this action was. According to various media reports, the situation deteriorated further instead of improving. Perhaps this initiative could restrict people from watching fewer porno films temporarily, but in the end, they found out an alternative way to get access to their favorite pornographic websites. There are several tools to fool the browser and internet provider and get access to the websites showcasing sexually explicit material. Only X-rated websites are not responsible for spreading indecent videos and destroying the young generation. Social media are also equally liable for this nowadays. 

For the past few months, popular social media apps, such as TikTok, Likee, Bigo etc., are making media headlines for sharing inappropriate content and promoting the teen gang culture in Bangladesh. The use of the vulgar language of the so-called artists in the video contents of these apps is the cause of concern for language experts as well as ordinary people. These are not less than porn videos in any way. However, even Facebook is not out of the influence of it. To get the attention of the people and become viral overnight, people, especially females, share provocative images and videos of their own on their social media pages. 

Now, let us talk about another thing, which is equally accountable for social and moral decadence. If you keep yourself updated with the latest information, you might know that one top leader of the ruling party was arrested for his illicit involvement with casino operations inside the country. For the growing popularity of gambling, many gambling websites were created, and people of all ethnicities and socioeconomic classes residing both in city and village were victims of it. These gambling websites are more harmful than pornographic websites because these lead people to commit a crime. However, the BTRC has so far banned 2000 plus gambling websites. 

The primary reason for blocking porn websites in our country was that these websites were considered only responsible for social decay. Some people think that these adult sites are solely liable for increasing sexual violence in our society. However, experts working in this sector are unwilling to accept this point. According to them, pornography is not the only factor responsible for moral decadence in our society. According to the report of legal rights advocacy group Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK), the number of rape cases increased every year since the initiative of banning porn websites started. It is a matter of worrying for conscious citizens. Now, the question may come to your mind, "If banning porn has been effective to decrease sexual violence." 

Banning pornographic websites is a very good decision, and like many other people, I have also taken this decision positively. However, it is not the ultimate solution to prevent people from uncensored videos. To make this move successful, the authorities related to it will have to know which age group people watch more porn online and why. Without identifying actual reasons, it is not possible to come out with a proper solution. Like other addictions, watching pornographic videos is also a kind of addiction. To get rid of this problem, we will have to follow religious rituals and social values. In this case, Parents can play a very crucial role. They can teach these to their children from a very young age. Also, we will have to reduce the level of inequity and discrimination in society. 

Despite restricting access to pornographic websites, these are becoming one of the most searched websites in Bangladesh in Alexa ranking. The only way to prevent people from watching less porn is to get them involved in social and religious activities. Moreover, we will have to show them the bad sites of watching porn videos in our mind and body. To have a sound mind and sound body, it is necessary to stop watching porn videos as immediately as possible. So, from the above discussions, it is clear that banning porn websites is not effective in preventing people from watching less porn.