Wednesday, October 31, 2018

Noyon Selina is multi-millionaire with her will power

Noyon Selina’s husband got disappeared within 3 and half years of her marriage. Native of Kutubdia upazila, a sea island of Cox's Bazar district, Noyon Selina with her two little children started her struggle to survive. But her struggle was different. 
In 1995, Selina sold her ear ring for Tk 17,000 and began her life’s struggle. At that time, she bought 100 chickens and built a poultry farm in a small room. After 23 years, that Noyon Selina owns several crores taka. Her annual income is above six lakh taka. 

Selina’s philosophy about her transformation from a helpless woman to a millionaire is pretty clear. As the proverb goes, “If there is a will, there is a way.” It is this will power that has turned Selina into a successful entrepreneur. 

In 1991, Noyon Selina got married soon after appearing in her SSC examination. Within three years of her marriage, she gave birth to two baby boys- Shakil Shawon and Sajid Mawon. In 1995, her husband left for abroad. She could not find any information about her husband since her husband boarded onto the plane. At that time, her younger son Mawon was six-month old. She had a pair of gold ear ring as resource. She sold that ear ring and got Tk 17,000. With that amount, she rented a two-room tin shed house for Tk 1,400 at Garir Math area in Jhawtala of Cox’s Bazar city. In one room, she built a poultry farm of 100 chickens. She started getting profit within few months. She took Tk 45,000 as loan from Karmasangsthan Bank in order to increase the range of her business. She had to go through many difficulties to get this loan. Her income started increasing slowly. 

After seven years, she bought 16 Satak land at South Kolatoli area of the city for a few lakhs taka from her income. There she built a house. In that house, she built ‘Shawon Poultry Farm’ in the name of her elder son. 

Recently the reporter visited her farm on one afternoon and saw Noyon Selina herself collecting chicken eggs in the farm. The local traders gathered there to buy eggs. On one side of the farm, there is a shed for chicken, while a livestock shed is located on the other side. There is a shed-house for pigeon atop. With utmost compassion, she is taking care of live stocks. Every day she gets 240 liters of milk and 3000-3500 chicken lay eggs. 

Noyona Selim told the Prothom Alo that she has bought three Kani (120 Satak) land on the bypass road of Kolatoli and 54 Satak land adjacent to Tulabagan cantonment with the profit she had made from her farm. She has also built a poultry farm on a separate land at Tulabagan. She has seven thousand chickens in that farm. She also has another large poultry farm at Samity Para of the city. There also she has eight thousand chickens. She has a dry fish shop at Boro Bazar of the city and a mobile phone shop at Coral Reef Plaza of Bazarghata. Her youngest son, Sajid Mawon, looks after these two shops. He is studying Civil Engineering in Cox’s Bazar Polytechnic Institute. Elder son, Shakil Shawon, is studying BSC Engineering in a private university in Dhaka.” 

Noyon Selina also has partnership in a private hospital of the city. Altogether she now owns assets worth crores in taka. Of these, she has around forty-five lakh taka loans taken from several banks. With the money from her income, Noyon Selina is implementing various programs for the welfare of poor women, including managing an orphanage. 

Noyon Selina, expressing the will power against the success, told the Prothom Alo, “I did not lose self-control in the face of poverty following my husband’s disappearance. I took a decision that I would never ever be subjected to someone’s pity. What may come, I will not go backwards. Having been trained by people from different organizations including Department of Youth Development, I started working.” 

She did not get this success and fame so easily. She had to endure many problems silently, including long struggle, deprivation, poking of the neighbors etc. Overcoming everything with her enthusiasm of not accepting defeat and intellect, Noyon Selina is now an ‘icon’ to both men and women. 

Noyon Selina said, “I have come to this position with the will power. I do not have shortage of anything. My two sons are studying.” 

As a successful woman entrepreneur, Noyon Selina has received many accolades by government and non-government and foreign organizations, including Bangladesh Bank, (Grassroots Women Entrepreneur Society) Grassroots, Department of Livestock, Women Chamber of Commerce and Industries (BWCCI) etc. 

In 2015, five women entrepreneurs were selected and given honors in Banking Fair and Bangladesh Bank gave each of them Tk 25 lakh to invest in their businesses.

On September 8 of this year, Tofail Ahmed, the Minister of Commerce, handed over the honorary memorandum to her as a successful woman entrepreneur in the capital’s MIDAS auditorium.

Noyon Selina did not do this long struggle just for herself. Last January, with her own money, she established an orphanage at South Kolatoli. Fifty orphan children are studying there. She has taken the responsibility of all the expenses including orphans’ food, teachers’ salary etc. She has also taken various steps at different times to take the neglected women of the society forward. Now, she has employed 50 women in her farms and is giving practical training to around hundred women. But due to financial shortage, the trained women cannot move forward. So far, she got 50 orphan and helpless girls married with her own money. 

Local Kolatoli (12 number word) Municipal councilor, Kazi Morshed Ahmed, said, Noyon Selina is a fighter who has come to this position with hard struggle. If there is will, there is a way- Noyon Selina is the bright example of this. Seeing her, many women are coming to this profession. 

Cox’s Bazar Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCCI) president Abu Morshed Chowdhury said, “Noyon Selina is a member of this chamber and a successful woman entrepreneur. Many women like her cannot come forward because of one problem. That is- not getting SME (Small and medium-sized enterprises) loan, though there is an instruction to give women entrepreneurs SME loan without any security.” 

Noyon Selina also made the same complain. Her explanation is that money is the main obstacle for a woman, who belongs to a poor family or has been abandoned by her husband, to start any self-reliant work. In this case, many banks harass women. Loan is not given without mortgage. If she had the ability to give mortgage, then that woman would not have gone to bank for loan. In this case, each bank should be given the direction to give loans without mortgage. 

Source:

Monday, October 29, 2018

Is Absalom and Achitophel a political pamphlet?

“Absalom and Achitophel” is the best political satire composed by John Dryden. The background of the poem is based on the political instability of Dryden’s contemporary England. It is believed that King Charles II personally requested Dryden to compose this poem. Achitophel, the antagonist of the poem actually represented the Earl of Shaftesbury. At the time of composing this poem, his trial was going on. At that time, the leaders of the Protestant Community of England was interested to put James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and the eldest illegitimate son of the king, to the throne. Many leaders of the Whig party also supported the Duke of Monmouth. Because James II, the younger brother of King Charles was a Roman Catholic while Duke of Monmouth was a Protestant.
In the poem, Achitophel, along with his friends and supporters, planned to rebel against King David and they needed a leader. However, any ordinary people cannot be the leader of this rebellion. He must be of royal lineage. Though Absalom or the Duke of Monmouth was an illegitimate child of King David, he was of royal lineage. Hence, they wanted to save Duke of Monmouth and Achitophel tried to persuade Absalom in different ways. One of the interesting thing about Dryden was though he established Achitophel as the arch nemesis of the King he admitted his talent in the poem. Achitophel, according to Dryden, was a man of great wisdom and madness. First, Achitophel uses the art of flattery to persuade Absalom. He tells Absalom that England was very fortunate that a great leader like Absalom had been born. Absalom had been blessed by the God since his birth. It was his destiny to achieve greatness. At the same time, Achitophel tells Absalom that the golden age of King David or King Charles had come to an end. The king failed to rule the country effectively the way he used to.

Such strong persuasion motivated Absalom to rise against the King. However, Absalom was the favorite son of King David. David ignored his faults and gave him glory and riches. Hence, Absalom initially hesitated to rise against the king. He told Achitophel that David was not a bad king but a very good king. As per the command of God, his brother, Duke of York, would succeed him to the throne as his wife could not produce any heir. This was a natural process.

Achitophle instantly understood that Absalom was hesitating. He then told Absalom that King David was a soft person and such a person was not fit to rule the country. After flattery he tried to put fear in Absalom’s heart by saying that when King David’s brother would ascend the throne, Absalom’s good fortune would leave him because he would lose his importance and the new king will think to get rid of Absalom once and forever.

This fear highly influenced Absalom. He then started to think seriously to rebel against King David. Then Absalom left the royal court and tried to rally men against the King. He persuaded them by saying that he cared about them. He also told them that King David’s had grown weak and become more dependent on foreign kings. In this way, he tried to gather men to rise up against the king.

In this poem, we see that Absalom lost his faith in his father after being persuaded by Achitophel. He became so convinced that he rebelled against the King and tried his best to take over the throne. However, what Absalom or the Duke of Monmouth did not understand was that Achitophel or the Earl of Shaftesbury was pulling all the strings from behind. He gathered men in Absalom’s support and just used Duke of Monmouth as their leader. The Duke of Monmouth failed to understand the real plot and rebelled against the King.

Voice Change Part Three (3): Interrogative

If you want to take part in any competitive examination, such as BCS, Bank Job Recruitment, Varsity Admission, or want to go abroad for higher studies then you will have to be skilled in English language. Without knowing English grammar well, you cannot achieve mastery over English language. “Voice Change” is perhaps one of the few difficult English grammar rules. In order to be good in English, you should have good knowledge about English grammar. If you find any mistake then do not feel hesitate to mention it in the comment box. 

1.   Do you play football?
Answer: Is football played by you?
2.   Did the boy catch a bird?
Answer: Was a bird caught by the boy?
3.   Does she write a letter?
Answer: Is a letter written by her?
4.   Don’t you like tea?
Answer: Isn’t tea liked by you? / Is tea not liked by you?
5.   Doesn’t Rumi prepare his lessons daily?
Answer: Aren’t Rumi’s lessons prepared by him daily? / Aren't the lessons prepared daily by Rumi? 
6.   Didn’t Lucy sing a song?
Answer: Wasn’t a song sung by Lucy? / Was a song not sung by Lucy?
7.   Will they help the poor?
Answer: Will the poor be helped by them?
8.   Shall I catch fish?
Answer: Will fish be caught by me?
9.   Is he doing the work?
Answer: Is the work being done by him?
10.                Are they making a noise in the class?
Answer: Is a noise being made by them in the class?
11.                Has he taken the book from the table?
Answer: Has the book been taken by him from the table?
12.                Were you calling me?
Answer: Was I being called by you?
13.                Have they made him captain?
Answer: Has he been made captain by them?
14.                Can I help you?
Answer: Can you be helped by me?
15.                Haven’t they finished the work?
Answer: Hasn’t the work been finished by them? / Has the work not been finished by them?
16.                Will he be reading a book then?
Answer: Will a book be being read by him then?
17.                Wasn’t he drawing a picture?
Answer: Wasn’t a picture being drawn by him? / Was a picture not being drawn by him?
18.                Isn’t he painting a picture?
Answer: Isn’t a picture being painted by him? / Is a picture not being painted by him?
19.                Who is helping her?
Answer: By whom is she being helped?
20.                Who called me?
Answer: By whom was I called?
21.                Who has made the cage?
Answer: By whom has the cage been made?
22.                Who gave you the watch?
Answer: By whom were you given the watch?
23.                Who has broken the plates?
Answer: By whom have the plates been broken?
24.                Who teaches you English?
Answer: By whom are you taught English?
25.                Who will drive the car?
Answer: By whom will the care be driven?
26.                Who will be reading the book?
Answer: By whom will the book be being read?
27.                Who was blowing the pipe?
Answer: By whom was the pipe being blown?
28.                Whom did you meet?
Answer: Who was met by you?
29.                Whom has he seen in the room?
Answer: Who has been seen in the room by him?
30.                Whom are they calling?
Answer: Who is being called by them?
31.                Whom do you want?
Answer: Who is wanted by you?
32.                Whom did you give the book?
Answer: Who was given the book by you?
33.                Whom will he teach?
Answer: Who will be taught by him?
34.                Whom did you lend the pen?
Answer: Who was lent the pen by you?
35.                What does he want?
Answer: What is wanted by him?
36.                What did he do yesterday?
Answer: What was done by him yesterday?
37.                What are you reading?
Answer: What is being read by you?
38.                What will you read?
Answer: What will be read by you?
39.                What has he seen?
Answer: What has been seen by him?
40.                Which book do you want?
Answer: Which book is wanted by you?
41.                Which pen has he bought?
Answer: Which pen has been bought by him?
42.                Which people did she like?
Answer: Which people were liked by her?
43.                When will you return my book?
Answer: When will my book be returned by you?
44.                When did you meet?
Answer: When were you met?
45.                Where did you find him?
Answer: Where was he found by you?
46.                Do you know them?
Answer: Are they known by you?
47.                Did you eat the apples?
Answer: Were the apples eaten by you?
48.                Who can do it?
Answer: By whom can it be done?
49.                How can you do this?
Answer: How can this be done by you?
50.                Who called you a liar?
Answer: By whom were you called a liar?
51.                Does he speak English?
Answer: Is English spoken by him?
52.                What can you do for me?
Answer: What can be done by you for me?
53.                Did the idea interest you?
Answer: Were you interested by the idea?
54.                Whom did you meet?
Answer: Who was met by you?
55.                Who is helping her?
Answer: By whom is she being helped?
56.                What does he want?
Answer: What is wanted by him?
57.                Will you write the letter?
Answer: Will the letter be written by you?
58.                Have you done the work?
Answer: Has the work been done by you?
59.                When will you return my book?
Answer: When will my book be returned by you? 
60.                Who has broken the plates?
Answer: By whom have the plates been broken?
61.                Are they making a noise?
Answer: Is a noise being made by them?
62.                Were they catching fish?
Answer: Were fish being caught by them?
63.                Had he taken the book?
Answer: Had the book been taken by him?
64.                Will she be singing a song?
Answer: Will a song be being sung by her?
65.                Did she recognize you?
Answer: Were you recognized by her?
66.                Have you eaten rice?
Answer: Has rice been eaten by you?
67.                Is he reading a book?
Answer: Is a book being read by him?
68.                Who is calling me?
Answer: By whom am I being called?
69.                Who will help you?
Answer: By whom will you be helped?
70.                Whom did you see on the road?
Answer: Who was seen by you on the road?
71.                Whom is he teaching English?
Answer: Who is being taught English by him?
72.                Whom has he beaten?
Answer: Who has been beaten by him?
73.                What do you want?
Answer: What is wanted by you?
74.                What has he done?
Answer: What has been done by him?
75.                Can anybody cure it?
Answer: Can it be cured (by anybody)?
76.                Who wrote this book?
Answer: By whom was this book written?
77.                Have you finished the work?
Answer: Has the work been finished by you?
78.                When will they announce the results?
Answer: When will the results be announced (by them)?
79.                Have you invited them?
Answer: Have they been invited by you?
80.                Will you help him?
Answer: Will he be helped by you?
81.                What did he say?
Answer: What was said by him?
82.                Whom did you invite?
Answer: Who was invited by you?
83.                Who wrote the story?
Answer: By whom was the story written?
84.                When will you finish the work?
Answer: When will the work be finished by you?
85.                Does she cook the food?
Answer: Is the food cooked by her? 

Thursday, October 25, 2018

Does “Absalom and Achitophel” represent England’s political condition of the 17th century?

“Absalom and Achitophel” is one of the best poems of John Dryden. It is actually a political satire where Dryden talks in support of King Charles II. Absalom, one of the main characters of the poem, actually represents Duke of Monmouth, the illegitimate son of King Charles II. Absalom rebelled against his father King David and Achitophel helped him in this regard. Achitophel represents the Earl of Shaftesbury. The poem beautifully narrates the condition of England at that time. Since, Dryden supported King Charles II, he praised the king in the poem, but this poem has some universal elements. This poem was actually a political pamphlet where Dryden openly supported the King and degraded the Duke of Monmouth.

England’s political situation was not very good. Civil war could take place any time. Achitophel persuaded Absalom that this was the best time to rebel against the King. On the other hand, people who supported the King were also ready for a fight. They will take up arms against Absalom or Duke of Monmouth. Dryden wrote this poem to boost the morale of King’s supporters.

Greed of power is one of the major universal characteristics depicted in this poem. It was a turbulent time in England’s politics. In fact, throughout the 17th century there was political instability in England. The Puritans murdered Charles I, the father of King Charles II and took over power led by Oliver Cromwell. King Charles II was reinstated in 1660 and this event is called restoration. Throughout the reign of King Charles II there was conflict between two main political parties. This is a natural scenario everywhere in the world. Wherever there is king, there are some people who support the king and some who do not but both parties want to go to power.

Religious division remained in England for a long time but the condition grew worse in the 17th century, especially after King Charles II came to power. The Catholics and Protestants were the two main religious groups in England in the 17th Century. Though the Puritans rule the country for some time, they did not have a lasting influence. The Protestants were the majority while Catholics were the minority. On the other hand, King Charles II secretly supported the Catholics. He declared James, his younger brother, as his successor. Though we see it as a religious difference but in a way it is an example of the greed for power. Since, King Charles II did not have any legitimate heir, his younger brother James would become the King. This agitated his illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, to rebel against him.

What Dryden repeatedly said in this poem is that the people of a nation should unite. At that time, England and France were sworn enemies. It also had a bad relationship with Holland. Since the people of England were not united, the country’s inner political condition was very critical. There was a big fear of attack from outside. Dryden wanted to say that if there is no unity among people of a nation then it will bring instability. Along with political instability there were also social and economic instability in the country.

The characters depicted in “Absalom and Achitophel” are probably the most important examples of Universal characteristics. The characters of the poem were actually inspired from the Bible. Many important people of the 17th century England had been mentioned in the poem. But such characters can be found in the history of every nation. We can see kings like David or Charles II who had mistresses. There are also people who are foolish and take up arms against their father. There are also people like Achitophel who use their knowledge to bring instability in the society. Dryden nicely depicted these characters in his poem.

The universal appeal of “Absalom and Achitophel” can also be implemented to analyze Bangladesh’s political scenario. For about twenty years we are seeing political instability that divided the people. On one side, there is B.N.P and Awami League on the other. The struggle between these two political parties caused immense suffering to the people of our country. This political instability, in turn created social and economic instability. People are not safe. High price of daily necessity made their lives miserable. All this has been caused by the lack of unity among people. The people of Bangladesh should also learn from “Absalom and Achitophel”. They should unite otherwise the future of the country will be doomed.

“Absalom and Achitophel” is a great poem and is considered to be one of the best political satires of English literature. Dryden tried his best to depict the reality though this poem although he supported King Charles II. Sometime he even praised the Duke of Monmouth. We all should read this poem and learn from this poem. 

Sydney Carton is a sacrificing hero

Who is Sydney Carton? Sydney Carton is one of the most important characters in the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, written by Charles Dickens. ...