Tuesday, November 13, 2018

Transformation of Sentences Part Five (5): Complex to Simple

“Transformation of Sentences” is one of the most difficult parts of English grammar. People who are willing to appear in a competitive examination, such as BCS, bank job, varsity admission, must get at least one question from this part. So, try to learn this grammar part to achieve mastery of the English language. If you find any mistake, do not forget to mention it in the comment box. 

Transform the following Complex sentences into Simple: 

1.   Since he was sharp, he made a good result.

Answer: Because of his being sharp, he made a good result.

2.   I was saved since I had shown a true love for all living things.

Answer: I was saved because of my having shown a true love for all living things.

3.   Though he was learned, he did not get a good job.

Answer: In spite of his being learned, he did not get a good job.

4.   Though Bangladesh has a large population, it cannot be called an over populated country.

Answer: In spite of having a large population, Bangladesh cannot be called an over populated country.

5.   The boy was so foolish that he could not understand a simple matter.

Answer: The boy was too foolish to understand a simple matter.

6.   Although they were poor, they had a happy conjugal life.

Answer: In spite of their being poor, they had a happy conjugal life.

7.   I shall pay now for what you have done.

Answer: I shall pay now for your deeds.

8.   The writer lived in a cabin which belonged to the orphanage.

Answer: The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the orphanage.

9.   They saw the drunken porter who was lying on the floor.

Answer: They saw the drunken porter lying on the floor.

10.                You came here when you were only four.

Answer: At the age of only four, you came here.

11.                He woke up when it was raining.

Answer: At the time of raining, he woke up.

12.                Since the water was salty, the sailors could not drink it.

Answer: The water being salty, the sailors could not drink it.

13.                Though he had willingness, he could not eat ice cream.

Answer: In spite of his having willingness, he could not eat ice cream.

14.                They did not attend the meeting because they feared of violence.

Answer: They did not attend the meeting because of fear of violence.

15.                I have no money that I can spare.

Answer: I have no money to spare.

16.                The woman who is reported is a spy.

Answer: The reported woman is a spy.

17.                Only the boys who work hard shine in life.

Answer: Only the hard working boys shine in life.

18.                Since the workers were encouraged by the owner, they went on working.

Answer: Being encouraged by the owner, the workers went on working.

19.                He is so weak that he cannot speak a single word.

Answer: He is too weak to speak a single word.

20.                If you eat a balanced diet, you can remain safe.

Answer: By eating a balanced diet, you can remain safe.

21.                If you do not write much, you cannot write well.

Answer: Without writing much, you cannot write well.

22.                If you read more, you will know more.

Answer: By reading more, you will know more.

23.                A man who is drowning catches at a straw.

Answer: A drowning man catches at a straw.

24.                When the boys saw the snake, they killed it.

Answer: Seeing the snake, the boys killed it.

25.                When it was daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of chopping.

Answer: At daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of chopping.

26.                He was the only man that was alive.

Answer: Only he was alive. / He was the only alive man.

27.                They saw a ship that was coming to them.

Answer: They saw a ship coming to them.

28.                The house which I live in at present is comfortable.

Answer: At present, I live in a comfortable house.

29.                When a teacher is absent, students generally make a noise.

Answer: A teacher being absent, students generally make a noise. / Due to the absence of a teacher, students generally make a noise. / Students generally make a noise in absence of a teacher.

30.                It is not known when he will arrive.

Answer: The time of his arrival is not known.

31.                I know what his intention is.

Answer: I know his intention.

32.                The students had to vacate the halls because there was a serious violence in the campus.

Answer: The students had to vacate the halls because of a serious violence in the campus.

33.                When my mutton chop arrived, she took me to task.

Answer: On the arrival of my mutton chop, she took me to task.

34.                He had arrived at home when we left for Dhaka.

Answer: He had arrived at home at the time of our leaving for Dhaka.

35.                I told him that he should be brief.

Answer: I told him to be brief.

36.                The authoress went to Dhaka when it was autumn.

Answer: In autumn, the authoress went to Dhaka.

37.                I was admitted to school when I was five.

Answer: At the age of five, I was admitted to school.

38.                He was glad when he heard the news.

Answer: He was glad to hear the news.

39.                We know where Nazrul Islam was born.

Answer: We know the birth place of Nazrul Islam.

40.                The girls were delighted when they saw the fine flowers.

Answer: The girls were delighted seeing the fine flowers.

41.                Since he bought the costly house, he ran into debt.

Answer: Buying the costly house, he ran into debt.

42.                As soon as he went there, he received the news.

Answer: He received the news immediately after going there.

43.                The boy confessed that he was guilty.

Answer: The boy confessed his crime/guilt.

44.                They soon forget the sufferings they had on the journey.

Answer: They soon forget their past sufferings on the journey.

45.                As the writer was poor, he could not visit Sheraton earlier.

Answer: Being poor, the writer could not visit Sheraton earlier.

46.                When the lunch was over, the lady went away.

Answer: The lunch being over, the lady went away.

47.                As the shirt is costly, I cannot buy it.

Answer: The shirt being costly, I cannot buy it.

48.                If you take exercise regularly, you can be healthy.

Answer: By taking exercise regularly, you can be healthy.

49.                We eat so that we may live.

Answer: We eat to live.

50.                A friend who is true stands by his friend in time of need.

Answer: A true friend stands by his friend in time of need.

51.                The opinion that you have about me is not true.

Answer: Your opinion about me is not true.

52.                Mecca is the place where the holy prophet was born.

Answer: Mecca is the birth place of the holy prophet.

53.                When the girl stood by the window, she looked out.

Answer: Standing by the window, the girl looked out.

54.                Since the boy worked hard, he shone in life.

Answer: Working hard, the boy shone in life.

55.                He worked hard so that he could pass the examination.

Answer: He worked hard to pass the examination.

56.                He has no friend that can help him.

Answer: He has no friend to help him.

57.                I am the last man who will go there.

Answer: I am the last man to go there.

58.                I heard what he said.

Answer: I heard his statement. / I heard his saying.

59.                Lord knew what they cost.

Answer: Lord knew their cost.

60.                Tell me what the truth is.

Answer: Tell me the truth.

61.                He declared that he was innocent. / He said that he was an innocent.

Answer: He declared his innocence. / He expressed his innocence.

62.                I admit that he is a great poet.

Answer: I admit his greatness as a poet. / I admit him to be a great poet.

63.                As he saw the tiger, he ran away in fear.

Answer: Seeing the tiger, he ran away in fear.

64.                There is no doubt that he is an honest man.

Answer: Undoubtedly, he is an honest man.

65.                They worked till the sun set.

Answer: They worked till the sunset.

66.                That he is honest is known to all.

Answer: His honesty is known to all.

67.                He acted as a wise man does.

Answer: He acted like a wise man.

68.                I am sure that he will succeed.

Answer: I am sure of his success.

69.                If you do not hold your tongue, I will turn you out.

Answer: I will turn you out for your failure to hold your tongue.

70.                If you do not walk fast, you will miss the train.

Answer: Without walking fast, you will miss the train.

71.                I knew that they were horribly expensive.

Answer: I knew them to be horribly expensive.

72.                They are so nice that they cannot be used just at present.

Answer: They are too nice to be used just at present.

73.                He confessed the crime he had committed.

Answer: He confessed his crime.

74.                The lady wrote letters to the writer so that she might have a lunch from him.

Answer: The lady wrote letters to the writer to have a lunch from him.

75.                Wherever you go, I shall follow you.

Answer: I shall follow you everywhere.

76.                Though he was dishonest, he was set free.

Answer: In spite of his being dishonest, he was set free.

77.                People work hard so that they may shine in life.

Answer: People work hard to shine in life.

78.                The steamer will leave as soon as the mails arrive.

Answer: On the arrival of the mails, the steamer will leave.

79.                I saw a bird that was wounded.

Answer: I saw a wounded bird.

80.                When he was punished, he wept.

Answer: On being punished, he wept.

81.                The moment that is lost is lost forever.

Answer: The lost moment is lost forever.

82.                I know what his name is.

Answer: I know his name.

83.                His silence proves that he is guilty.

Answer: His silence proves his guilt.

84.                You may criticize what I do.

Answer: You may criticize my action.

85.                He hoped that he would win the prize.

Answer: He hoped to win the prize.

Wednesday, October 31, 2018

Noyon Selina is multi-millionaire with her will power

Noyon Selina’s husband got disappeared within 3 and half years of her marriage. Native of Kutubdia upazila, a sea island of Cox's Bazar district, Noyon Selina with her two little children started her struggle to survive. But her struggle was different. 
In 1995, Selina sold her ear ring for Tk 17,000 and began her life’s struggle. At that time, she bought 100 chickens and built a poultry farm in a small room. After 23 years, that Noyon Selina owns several crores taka. Her annual income is above six lakh taka. 

Selina’s philosophy about her transformation from a helpless woman to a millionaire is pretty clear. As the proverb goes, “If there is a will, there is a way.” It is this will power that has turned Selina into a successful entrepreneur. 

In 1991, Noyon Selina got married soon after appearing in her SSC examination. Within three years of her marriage, she gave birth to two baby boys- Shakil Shawon and Sajid Mawon. In 1995, her husband left for abroad. She could not find any information about her husband since her husband boarded onto the plane. At that time, her younger son Mawon was six-month old. She had a pair of gold ear ring as resource. She sold that ear ring and got Tk 17,000. With that amount, she rented a two-room tin shed house for Tk 1,400 at Garir Math area in Jhawtala of Cox’s Bazar city. In one room, she built a poultry farm of 100 chickens. She started getting profit within few months. She took Tk 45,000 as loan from Karmasangsthan Bank in order to increase the range of her business. She had to go through many difficulties to get this loan. Her income started increasing slowly. 

After seven years, she bought 16 Satak land at South Kolatoli area of the city for a few lakhs taka from her income. There she built a house. In that house, she built ‘Shawon Poultry Farm’ in the name of her elder son. 

Recently the reporter visited her farm on one afternoon and saw Noyon Selina herself collecting chicken eggs in the farm. The local traders gathered there to buy eggs. On one side of the farm, there is a shed for chicken, while a livestock shed is located on the other side. There is a shed-house for pigeon atop. With utmost compassion, she is taking care of live stocks. Every day she gets 240 liters of milk and 3000-3500 chicken lay eggs. 

Noyona Selim told the Prothom Alo that she has bought three Kani (120 Satak) land on the bypass road of Kolatoli and 54 Satak land adjacent to Tulabagan cantonment with the profit she had made from her farm. She has also built a poultry farm on a separate land at Tulabagan. She has seven thousand chickens in that farm. She also has another large poultry farm at Samity Para of the city. There also she has eight thousand chickens. She has a dry fish shop at Boro Bazar of the city and a mobile phone shop at Coral Reef Plaza of Bazarghata. Her youngest son, Sajid Mawon, looks after these two shops. He is studying Civil Engineering in Cox’s Bazar Polytechnic Institute. Elder son, Shakil Shawon, is studying BSC Engineering in a private university in Dhaka.” 

Noyon Selina also has partnership in a private hospital of the city. Altogether she now owns assets worth crores in taka. Of these, she has around forty-five lakh taka loans taken from several banks. With the money from her income, Noyon Selina is implementing various programs for the welfare of poor women, including managing an orphanage. 

Noyon Selina, expressing the will power against the success, told the Prothom Alo, “I did not lose self-control in the face of poverty following my husband’s disappearance. I took a decision that I would never ever be subjected to someone’s pity. What may come, I will not go backwards. Having been trained by people from different organizations including Department of Youth Development, I started working.” 

She did not get this success and fame so easily. She had to endure many problems silently, including long struggle, deprivation, poking of the neighbors etc. Overcoming everything with her enthusiasm of not accepting defeat and intellect, Noyon Selina is now an ‘icon’ to both men and women. 

Noyon Selina said, “I have come to this position with the will power. I do not have shortage of anything. My two sons are studying.” 

As a successful woman entrepreneur, Noyon Selina has received many accolades by government and non-government and foreign organizations, including Bangladesh Bank, (Grassroots Women Entrepreneur Society) Grassroots, Department of Livestock, Women Chamber of Commerce and Industries (BWCCI) etc. 

In 2015, five women entrepreneurs were selected and given honors in Banking Fair and Bangladesh Bank gave each of them Tk 25 lakh to invest in their businesses.

On September 8 of this year, Tofail Ahmed, the Minister of Commerce, handed over the honorary memorandum to her as a successful woman entrepreneur in the capital’s MIDAS auditorium.

Noyon Selina did not do this long struggle just for herself. Last January, with her own money, she established an orphanage at South Kolatoli. Fifty orphan children are studying there. She has taken the responsibility of all the expenses including orphans’ food, teachers’ salary etc. She has also taken various steps at different times to take the neglected women of the society forward. Now, she has employed 50 women in her farms and is giving practical training to around hundred women. But due to financial shortage, the trained women cannot move forward. So far, she got 50 orphan and helpless girls married with her own money. 

Local Kolatoli (12 number word) Municipal councilor, Kazi Morshed Ahmed, said, Noyon Selina is a fighter who has come to this position with hard struggle. If there is will, there is a way- Noyon Selina is the bright example of this. Seeing her, many women are coming to this profession. 

Cox’s Bazar Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCCI) president Abu Morshed Chowdhury said, “Noyon Selina is a member of this chamber and a successful woman entrepreneur. Many women like her cannot come forward because of one problem. That is- not getting SME (Small and medium-sized enterprises) loan, though there is an instruction to give women entrepreneurs SME loan without any security.” 

Noyon Selina also made the same complain. Her explanation is that money is the main obstacle for a woman, who belongs to a poor family or has been abandoned by her husband, to start any self-reliant work. In this case, many banks harass women. Loan is not given without mortgage. If she had the ability to give mortgage, then that woman would not have gone to bank for loan. In this case, each bank should be given the direction to give loans without mortgage. 

Source:

Monday, October 29, 2018

Is Absalom and Achitophel a political pamphlet?

“Absalom and Achitophel” is the best political satire composed by John Dryden. The background of the poem is based on the political instability of Dryden’s contemporary England. It is believed that King Charles II personally requested Dryden to compose this poem. Achitophel, the antagonist of the poem actually represented the Earl of Shaftesbury. At the time of composing this poem, his trial was going on. At that time, the leaders of the Protestant Community of England was interested to put James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and the eldest illegitimate son of the king, to the throne. Many leaders of the Whig party also supported the Duke of Monmouth. Because James II, the younger brother of King Charles was a Roman Catholic while Duke of Monmouth was a Protestant.
In the poem, Achitophel, along with his friends and supporters, planned to rebel against King David and they needed a leader. However, any ordinary people cannot be the leader of this rebellion. He must be of royal lineage. Though Absalom or the Duke of Monmouth was an illegitimate child of King David, he was of royal lineage. Hence, they wanted to save Duke of Monmouth and Achitophel tried to persuade Absalom in different ways. One of the interesting thing about Dryden was though he established Achitophel as the arch nemesis of the King he admitted his talent in the poem. Achitophel, according to Dryden, was a man of great wisdom and madness. First, Achitophel uses the art of flattery to persuade Absalom. He tells Absalom that England was very fortunate that a great leader like Absalom had been born. Absalom had been blessed by the God since his birth. It was his destiny to achieve greatness. At the same time, Achitophel tells Absalom that the golden age of King David or King Charles had come to an end. The king failed to rule the country effectively the way he used to.

Such strong persuasion motivated Absalom to rise against the King. However, Absalom was the favorite son of King David. David ignored his faults and gave him glory and riches. Hence, Absalom initially hesitated to rise against the king. He told Achitophel that David was not a bad king but a very good king. As per the command of God, his brother, Duke of York, would succeed him to the throne as his wife could not produce any heir. This was a natural process.

Achitophle instantly understood that Absalom was hesitating. He then told Absalom that King David was a soft person and such a person was not fit to rule the country. After flattery he tried to put fear in Absalom’s heart by saying that when King David’s brother would ascend the throne, Absalom’s good fortune would leave him because he would lose his importance and the new king will think to get rid of Absalom once and forever.

This fear highly influenced Absalom. He then started to think seriously to rebel against King David. Then Absalom left the royal court and tried to rally men against the King. He persuaded them by saying that he cared about them. He also told them that King David’s had grown weak and become more dependent on foreign kings. In this way, he tried to gather men to rise up against the king.

In this poem, we see that Absalom lost his faith in his father after being persuaded by Achitophel. He became so convinced that he rebelled against the King and tried his best to take over the throne. However, what Absalom or the Duke of Monmouth did not understand was that Achitophel or the Earl of Shaftesbury was pulling all the strings from behind. He gathered men in Absalom’s support and just used Duke of Monmouth as their leader. The Duke of Monmouth failed to understand the real plot and rebelled against the King.

Introduce yourself / Tell me about yourself

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